'yellow-green'), which refine the hue of the color relative to root words. 'light brown', 'sea green'), that generally describe the saturation or luminosity or compounded basic color words (e.g. Compound color words make use of prefix adjectives (e.g. The root words generally describe the hue of the color, but some root words - namely brown - can also describe the other dimensions.
Monolexemic color words are composed of individual lexemes, or root words, such as 'red', 'brown', 'fuchsia' or 'olive'. Luminosity: a measurement of intensity or 'brightness'.Saturation: the colorfulness of the color, i.e.'red', 'orange', 'yellow', etc.) roughly analogous to the color's wavelength or frequency. Hue: representing the different colors of the rainbow or color wheel (e.g.Similarly, rua refers to deep reds while dearg refers to bright reds, and geal, bán and fionn all refer to varying degrees of brightness or "fairness", without mapping clearly only the English "white." These three dimensions can be defined in different ways, but often the most intuitive definition are the dimensions of the HSL/HSV color space:Ĭolor wheel with Irish color terms, explaining that the difference between glas ("light blue/gray/green") and gorm ("deep blue/gray/green") is based on intensity (luminosity) rather than hue. Typical human color vision is trichromatic, meaning it is based on a three-dimensional color gamut. Psychological conditions for recognition of colors exist, such as those who cannot discern colors in general or those who see colors as sound (a variety of synesthesia). For example, they are labeled as alternative parts of speech terms color term and shape term. There are also numerical systems of color specification, referred to as color spaces.Īn important distinction must be established between color and shape, as these two attributes usually are used in conjunction with one another when describing in language.
The color term may refer to human perception of that color (which is affected by visual context) which is usually defined according to the Munsell color system, or to an underlying physical property (such as a specific wavelength of visible light). A color term (or color name) is a word or phrase that refers to a specific color.
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